Borrowed from the pipa: Snap the nail of the index or middle finger of either hand on a wooden part of the instrument for a stacatto percussion. Common locations include the right fixed bridge, a side board, or on a movable bridge.

Borrowed from the pipa: Literally “sound like pipa”. Perform an arpeggio-like action on multiple strings to mimic the sound a pipa makes when it plays a chord.

Borrowed from the pipa. Dampen a string with the middle finger while the index finger of the same hand strokes with the same string in a gesture away from the performer, in an opening motion. The nail produces a click sound. This technique is played within a few inches of a fixed or movable bridge.

Borrowed from the pipa. Use all five fingers to continuously strike1 or two strings in a motion away from the performer, producing a sound similar that crosses between a tremolo (yaozhi) and a drum roll. Only one string is struck if it is the deepest bass string (21). All other strings are played in a pair, with the left hand pressing the lower string to raise the pitch to match. Presumably the thumb plays on the higher string.

Kwok offers names for two specific orders of finger strikes:

a. fanlun: fifth, fourth, middle, index, thumb.

b. zhenqlun: index, middle, fourth, fifth, thumb.

Kwok assumes the finger pick is on the nail-side of the finger, not the now more common pad side. No mention on if the fifth finger is used when picks are worn pad-side.